Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Malaysian Trigona honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615

Mohd Hilmi, Abu Bakar and Hamid Ali Nagi, Al-Jamal and Mohd Khairi, Zahri@Johari (2020) Antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Malaysian Trigona honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa ATCC 10145 and Streptococcus pyogenes ATCC 19615. Jordan Journal of Biological Sciences, 13 (1). pp. 69-76. ISSN 1995-6673

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Abstract

This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial and antibiofilm activities of Trigona honey against Pseudomonas aeruginosa and Streptococcus pyogenes. The antimicrobial and anti-biofilm activities were examined by agar well diffusion assays, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC), time-kill curve, biofilm formation in 96-well plates and scanning electron microscope (SEM). Larger zones of inhibition were recorded from the agar well diffusion method. Trigona honey samples showed clear zones of inhibitions against P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes, 25.2±0.6mm and 26.7±1.0mm respectively. Trigona honey possessed the lowest MIC value against P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes was 20% (w/v) and MBC was 25% (w/v). In addition, MICR 50R was between 10%-12.5% (w/v) and MICR 90R was between 20%-25% (w/v) concentration of honey for both bacteria. In time-kill curve, Trigona honey inhibited P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes in a 3 logR 10R at 18 hours, and total viable counts (TVCs) were killed after 24 hours at honey concentration of 25%. In biofilm degradation assay, Trigona honey degraded 70% of P. aeruginosa and 68% of S. pyogenes biofilm. Also in biofilm inhibition assay, Trigona honey inhibited 91% of P. aeruginosa and 89% of Streptococcus pyogenes biofilms. SEM images of P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes showed that Trigona honey changed shape, size of cells, destroyed cell wall integrity and lysed the cells in both bacteria. Scanning electron microscope images for biofilm of P. aeruginosa and S. pyogenes showed that Trigona honey decreased cell density, and cells appeared curved of P. aeruginosa and rough, holes and crevices of S. pyogenes. In sum, Trigona honey disrupted and damaged biofilm formation. This study demonstrated that Trigona honey has high antibacterial and antibiofilm activities against both bacteria in vitro and showed the efficacy of honey against biofilm in different degrees of potential effect. The study supports previous finding that Trigona honey can be used as an alternative medicine for various bacterial infections.

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