In Vitro Cytotoxic Effect of Dichloromethane Extract of Prismatomeris glabra in Human Breast Cancer Cells

Rohayu Izanwati, Mohd Rawi and Wan Rohani, Wan Taib and Nur Afiqah, Nor Azman and Siti Solehah, Ab Rahman and Nurul Farhana, Mohd RawiAnuar (2020) In Vitro Cytotoxic Effect of Dichloromethane Extract of Prismatomeris glabra in Human Breast Cancer Cells. Asian Journal of Medicine and Biomedicine, 4 (SI 1). pp. 59-66. ISSN 2600-8173

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Abstract

Breast cancer is the most prevalent cancer cases worldwide contributing 15% of fatality of all cancer deaths altogether. The discovery of natural product able to act as an anti-cancer agent has led to the opportunity to kill cancer cells with fewer side effects compared to chemotherapy. Prismatomeris glabra (P.glabra) is a medicinal plant found in Southeast Asia, used to treat various human disease and might contain anti-cancer properties. The purpose of this study was to investigate the cytotoxic effect of P.glabra on the MCF-7 human breast cancer cell line. Dichloromethane extraction method was used to extract the crude of P.glabra roots and leaves. Cytotoxicity of P.glabra on MCF-7 cells was evaluated by MTT assay treated with various concentrations of extract to determine the IC50 with the concentration of 500, 250, 125, 62.5, 31.2, and 15.6 µg/mL for a treatment time of 24, 48 and 72 hours in 37°C CO2 incubator. The most significant cytotoxic effect of P.glabra in MCF-7 cells was a half-maximal inhibitory concentration (IC50) of 64.5±2.1µg/mL treated with the leaves of P.glabra extract at 72 hours treatment time. P.glabra showed in vitro cytotoxic effects in MCF-7 cells with dose- and time-dependent manner as demonstrated by MTT assay. The leaves extract of P.glabra can induce apoptosis and act as an alternative to anti-cancer treatment. Further analysis on gene expression is recommended to elucidate the functionality of cytotoxicity effect.

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