Determinants of short inter pregnancy interval: a systematic review

Nyi Nyi, Naing and Wan Arfah Nadiah, Wan Abdul Jamil and Asif, Hanif (2020) Determinants of short inter pregnancy interval: a systematic review. Scientific international Lahore, 32 (6). pp. 679-684. ISSN 1013-5316

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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Optimal birth spacing is very much important for maternal, fetal and neonatal health. Short interpregnancy interval (SIPI) is one of the major concerns of health care providers and is often associated with many modifiable and nonmodifiable risk factors / determinants. OBJECTIVE: To review determinants of short interpregnancy interval in existing literature METHODOLOGY: This systematic review was conducted at department of Biostatistics, Faculty of Medicine, Universiti Sultan Zainal Abidin, Medical Campus, Kuala Terengganu, Malaysia. Online search engines and networks were used to find full length papers available freely in peer reviewed journals, with clear methodology and written in English language. A total of 2100 articles were initially found and after careful screening 12 articles were included. Articles that applied odds ratio (OR) or adjusted odds ratios (AOR) as statistical measures were finally selected. RESULTS: The top 10 determinants of SIPI were found as female age < 25 years (AOR =12.16), breast feeding < 24 months (AOR=9.6), Sub-optimum breast-feeding (AOR = 7.01), breast feeding < 1 year (AOR = 6.18), last child female (AOR = 5.73), maternal age 19-24 years (AOR = 5.4), maternal age 26-30 years (AOR = 5.20), poor wealth index(AOR = 4.89), no family planning (OR = 3.95), not having desire to have the last child (AOR = 3.63). CONCLUSION: Maternal age, less breastfeeding, low socio-economic status and lack of family planning are major determinants of SIPI. Complex features and disparities are found in literature mostly due to inconsistent operational definition of SIPI used in these studies.

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