Apoptosis effects of Melastoma malabathricum L. extracts on HepG2 cells

Khamsah Suryati, Mohd and A Dharmaraj, Saravanan and Amirah, Wan Azemin and Sharif Mahsufi, Mansor (2015) Apoptosis effects of Melastoma malabathricum L. extracts on HepG2 cells. In: International Conference on Natural Product 2015, 24-25 March 2015, Johor Bharu.

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Abstract

Melastoma malabathricum L. locally known as senduduk belongs to the family Melastomaceae. M. malabathricum has been known to have several biological activities including anticancer potential as reported from the usage in traditional system of medicine and pharmacological studies. For anticancer properties, several studies have shown that different extracts from different parts of M. malabathricum possess cytotoxic property at various toxicity levels. However, the mode of action of anticancer property of M. malabathricum remained unclear. In an attempt to elucidate the mechanism of action, cytotoxicity effect of the extracts of M. malabathricum on HepG2 cells were screened. Result indicates that methanol extract possess the highest cytotoxic dosage at IC50 1.4μg/mL compared to that of ethyl acetate, chloroform, ethanol, 50% ethanol: water and aqueous extracts, with IC50 of 12μg/mL, 16μg/mL, 3.5μg/mL, 9.5μg/mL and 10μg/mL, respectively. On contrary, those extracts (except aqueous extract) did not show significant cytotoxic effect on non-cancerous hepatocyte line, Chang cells after 72 hours treatment. The mode of cell death caused by methanol extract was quantified using acridine orange (AO) and / propidium iodide (PI) (double staining). Analysis shows that the effect of extracts were on time dependent manner, where after 24 h treatment with methanol extract, 60.67% of HepG2 cells went through late apoptosis and 0.33% were in necrosis. Prolong treatment after 48 to 72 hours incubations reveals that 100 % of cells undergo apoptosis. As compared to methotrexate, the effect was not in time dependent manner where treatment at 24 h, 48 h and 72 hours show 84%, 91.33% and 117.7% of HepG2 cells undergo late apoptosis, respectively. While, only 2%, 0.67% and 1% were in necrosis, respectively. This study had shown that apoptosis effect of extracts and methotrexate might occur at dissimilar mechanism in cell cycle. In summary, Melastoma malabathricum extracts significantly induced apoptosis on HepG2 cells and be able to be developed as anticancer agent

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