Histological and ultrastructural alterations in diabetic rats kidney: Sub-chronic study

Nor Hidayah, Abu Bakar and Nor Asiah, Muhamad Nor and Kandy, Bongli and Liza, Noordin (2019) Histological and ultrastructural alterations in diabetic rats kidney: Sub-chronic study. Annals of Microscopy, 18 (1). pp. 11-20. ISSN 0219-2209

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Abstract

Hyperglycaemia is the most common metabolic condition experienced by patients with diabetes mellitus (DM). Prolonged hyperglycaemia is associated with many destructive complications and the impairment of internal organs such as the kidney. This present study aims to evaluate histological and ultrastructural changes ofkidney tissues in sub-chronic diabetic model. Diabetes was induced in Sprague-Dawley (SD) rats by single intraperitoneal injection of streptozotocin (STZ) at 50 mg/kg of body weight. The induced-diabetic rats were left untreated for 12 weeks and their fasting blood glucose level were recorded. At the end of the study, the rats were euthanised and their kidneys were harvested for histological and ultrastructural study. In histological analysis, the diabetic-glomerulus appeared to be larger, numbers of capillary loops have been reduced, with some of mesangial cell proliferations identified. Non-glomerular changes include loss of tubular brush border, tubular dilatation and mild eosinophilic deposits were also identified in the diabetic-glomerulus. In scanning electron microscopy (SEM), diabetic-glomerulus illustrated loss of podocyte with foot process disruption. This study has proved some important kidney changes in diabetic-rats which are coherent to diabetic nephropathy (DN) histology. DN is a progressive symptom of DM and early detection of kidney changes will provide better prognosis of the disease.

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