Antibacterial properties of Etlingera elatior flower extracts against acne-inducing bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus)

Salwani, Ismail and Mohd Hilmi, Abu Bakar and Nurul Saidah, Din and Rabiatul Adawiyah, Umar (2017) Antibacterial properties of Etlingera elatior flower extracts against acne-inducing bacteria (Propionibacterium acnes and Staphylococcus aureus). Research Journal of Pharmacy and Technology, 10 (12). p. 45. ISSN 0974-3618

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Abstract

Herbal and botanically derived remedies are increasingly popular for the treatment of acne due to the increasing cases of microbial resistance and side effects of available current treatment. The flower of Etlingera elatior locally known as bunga kantan was reported to have antibacterial properties. However, there are still no extensive studies reported on the antibacterial properties of Etlingera elatior flower extracts against acneinducing bacteria. This study aimed to investigate the antibacterial effects of Etlingera elatior flower extracts against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes. Etlingera elatior flower was extracted with three different polarity solvents namely n-hexane (non-polar), dichloromethane (semi polar) and ethanol (polar). The antibacterial effect was tested by disk diffusion anddilution method for the determination of the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Total phenolic acids and flavonoids contents were estimated using Folin-Ciocalteu and colorimetric assay respectively. Among all the extracts, dichloromethane flower extract of Etlingera elatior has demonstrated the maximum zone of inhibition with the diameter of 7.71 ± 0.07 mm for Staphylococcus aureus and 11.39 ± 0.45 mm for Propionibacterium acnes at the concentration of 100 mg/mL. The MIC value for dichloromethane flower extract against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes were 6.25 mg/mL and 1.56 mg/mL while the MBC value were 25 mg/mL and 6.25 mg/mL respectively. The total phenolic acids and flavonoids contents of the different flower crude extracts were in the range of 7.68 ± 3.86 to 96.69 ± 11.45 (mg GAE/g) and 4.279 ± 5.84 to 64.315 ± 6.86 (mg QE/g) respectively. All three Etlingera elatior flower extracts exhibited antibacterial properties against Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes.Thus, the flower extracts of Etlingera elatior could possibly be used as substitute therapeuticagents againstacne inducing Staphylococcus aureus and Propionibacterium acnes.

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