Molecular detection and antibiogram of staphylococcus aureus and MRSA from recreational beaches and river sites in Terengganu, Malaysia.

Mohd Faizal, Ghazali and Noor Muzamil, Mohamad and Siti Mariam, Zainal Ariffin (2021) Molecular detection and antibiogram of staphylococcus aureus and MRSA from recreational beaches and river sites in Terengganu, Malaysia. In: MSMPS 2021, 09-10 Jun 2021, Bukit Jalil, Kuala Lumpur.

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Abstract

Background: The emergence of antimicrobial resistance (AMR) in Staphylococcus aureus such as methicillin-resistant S. aureus (MRSA) is an expanding public health and veterinary concern. S. aureus remains ubiquitous in the environment and normal flora of animals; hence, the presence of MRSA could result in significant morbidity and mortality towards human. Aside from medical and community settings, both S. aureus and MRSA have previously been reported in sand and seawater from recreational beaches, suggesting the wide dissemination of AMR strains in these environments. This aims of this study was to investigate the prevalence and determine the antibiotic susceptibility profile of S. aureus from selected recreational beaches and river sites in Terengganu, Malaysia. Methodology: A total of 120 samples (60 sand and 60 water samples) were collected from 10 different sampling sites (4 beaches and 6 river sites). Both sand and water samples were enriched in tryptone soy broth for 24 hours. The samples were sub-cultured on Mannitol Salt Agar and nutrient agar for further bacteria amplification and purification. The identities of the suspected S. aureus were determined using species specific nuc (S. aureus) and mecA (MRSA) genes primers. The antibiogram profile of the S. aureus isolates against 19 antibiotics was determined via Kirby-Bauer disk method. Results: A total 27 S. aureus (22.5%; 27/120) were isolated from 3 beaches and 2 river sites. PCR revealed the presence of one MRSA (0.8%; 1/120). The isolated S. aureus were found showing high resistance rate against penicillin (85.2%), amoxicillin/clavulanate (62.9%) and oxacillin (62.9%). 44% of the isolates can be categorised as multidrug-resistant S. aureus (MDRSA). Conclusion: This study demonstrated the presence of S. aureus, MDRSA and MRSA in recreational beaches and river sites in Terengganu, Malaysia.

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