Prevalence of MRSA in goat and sheep milk in Terengganu

Chai, M.H and Ariffin, M.A and Suhaili, Z. and Faiq, T.A.M. and Ghazali, M.F. (2018) Prevalence of MRSA in goat and sheep milk in Terengganu. In: SEAOHUN 2018 International Conference, 15 Nov 2018, Hanoi Medical University.

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Abstract

Recently, the emergence of antimicrobial resistant bacteria or superbug has been a concern worldwide. One of the bacteria that have been well known to develop resistance toward multiple antibiotics is Methicillin Resistant Staphylococcus aureus (MRSA). MRSA that was initially detected in human derived from the hospital. However, recent studies have shown that Livestock Associated MRSA (LA-MRSA) has been isolated from domestic food animals and their handlers. It is well understood that the subsequent transmission LA-MRSA among humans and animals can be bi-directional with close contact being the common transmission pathway. Few studies had been carried in various countries indicating that MRSA can be found in milk. However, there is still lack of data on the prevalence of MRSA derived from animal products, particularly raw milk from small ruminant in Malaysia. The aim of this study is to investigate the prevalence rate of MRSA in the goat and sheep milk from selected farms located in Terengganu. The data collected will provide useful information on the current statue of MRSA prevalence in Terengganu. A total of 396 (182 goat and 16 sheep) udder milks samples were collected aseptically from 23 farms within Terengganu. Staphylococcus aureus in milk were isolated using mannitol salt agar, Gram staining and standard biochemical tests. The identity of the bacteria isolated was further confirmed using end-point PCR where specific designed primers were used to detect the presence of nuc gene of S. aureus at 278 bp. MecA gene primers (533 bp) were used to investigate the prevalence of MRSA among the S. aureus isolates. The susceptibility of the S. aureus isolates toward various antimicrobial agents was performed using Muller Hinton Antibiotic Susceptibility Test. Results have shown that 41 samples have positive findings for S. aureus and 2 of the S. aureus isolates were MRSA. The S. aureus isolates show different degree of resistances towards the various antibiotics. S. aureus isolates were found to have higher tendency to be resistance toward Oxacilin (14.6%) and Penicillin (32.0%). Besides, 7.3% of isolates also showed resistances towards Tetracycline and Vancomycin. In conclusion, 2 MRSA isolates have been detected presence in goat milk samples from Terengganu suggesting the emergence of LA-MRSA in small ruminant. Antibiotic Susceptibility test also revealed that S. aureus and MRSA isolates shown resistant toward multiple antibiotics. More comprehensive studies should be done to study the prevalence statues, transmission pathway and genetic composition of LA-MRSA in Malaysia. In addition, collaboration among government agencies, drugs development companies, researches and local farmers must done to prevent major outbreak of LA-MRSA infection.

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